Nkuko isi ihinduka vuba mubwikorezi burambye, ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi (ev) byabaye imfuruka yububiko bugezweho. Ariko, hamwe niyi ngero nshya uza ibibazo bishya nibibazo, cyane cyane bikikije umutima wa buri kibi: bateri-ya voltage ndende. URASHOBORA KUBONA imitwe itangaje yerekeye ibyabaye umuriro, kandi niba uri nyir'ubucuruzi nka Mark Davis, wishingikiriza ku bikoresho byiringirwa kandi bifite umutekano, izi nkuru zidashoboka. Iyi ngingo iri hano gutanga ibisobanuro. Nitwa Alex Taylor, hamwe n'imyaka irenga 14 mu nganda z'imirimo ya Lithium, ndashaka guca mu rusaku. Tuzasesengura sisitemu yumutekano ifatika yubatswe mumodoka yose yamashanyarazi, kuva mumodoka yumuryango kugeza kumakamyo yubucuruzi. Aka gatabo kazatanga ubushishozi bwinzobere ukeneye gushora imari mumashanyarazi, kumva ingaruka zukuri zumutekano, hanyuma uhitemo uwatanze ushyira imbere ubuziranenge no mu mucyo.

Niki gituma bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi itandukanye na bateri yimodoka isanzwe?

Iyo tuvuganye na "bateri yimodoka," abantu benshi batekereza kumasanduku mato, aremereye munsi ya hood yimodoka ikoreshwa na lisansi. Iyo ni bateri ya volt 12 acide. Akazi kayo k'ibanze ni ugutanga amashanyarazi vuba, ikomeye yo gutangiza moteri yo gutwika imbere no guha agaciro amatara yimodoka, radio, na elegitoroniki mugihe moteri iyo moteri itangiye. Nukuzamuka, byubatswe kubera imbaraga ngufi.

An ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bateriKu rundi ruhande, ni inyamaswa itandukanye rwose. Ntabwo ari ibikoresho gusa; Nisoko nyamukuru yamashanyarazi. Iyi nini, igoye ipaki ya bateri, akenshi witwaga traction bateri, nuburyo bubika imbaraga zikenewe kuri bitera ikinyabiziga. Bitekerezeho nk'ikigega cya lisansi hanyuma moteri yazungurutse. Ubusanzwe ni voltage ndende lithium-ion bateri, igizwe n'abantu babarirwa mu magana cyangwa ibihumbi Ingirabuzimafatizo Gukora hamwe. Aho gutangira gusa ibinyabiziga, ibi bateri igomba gutanga imbaraga zikomeje kuri Moteri y'amashanyarazi Kurenga ku birometero amagana, wiruka ya marato ugereranije nukuzamuka mumodoka isanzwe.

Igipimo cyuzuye nimbaraga ni utandukanye cyane. Imodoka isanzwe bateri irashobora gufata hafi 0.5-1 kwh ingufu. An ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bateri Irashobora gufata ahantu hose kuva 30 KWH kugeza kuri 100 KWH. Iyi nini Kubika ingufu ubushobozi nicyo butuma an Ev gukora urugendo rurebire, ariko kandi bisaba kandi uburyo buhanitse bukabije kumutekano no kuyobora. Ibi bateri yateye imbere byateguwe hamwe na sisitemu yo gukonjesha, intwaro yitwaje intwaro, hamwe na electint ya elegitoroniki ifite urumuri rurenze bateri yoroshye ya aside ya aside ikoreshwa muri Ibinyabiziga bisanzwe.

Bateri ya Litimage-ion muri Ebs Mubyukuri?

Iki nikibazo nyamukuru kubushobozi bwinshi Ev ba nyirubwite hamwe nabashinzwe amato. Igisubizo kigufi ni oya, ntabwo ari akaga gakomeye. Mubyukuri, igihe byateguwe kandi bikorerwa neza, Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi irashobora no kuba mwiza kuruta bagenzi babo ba lisansi. The impungenge zerekeye bateri umutekano ukunze guturuka kungufu nyinshi lithium-ion bateri. Nukuri ko niba iyi mbaraga zirekuwe muburyo butagenzuwe, birashobora kuganisha kumuriro. Ariko, byose ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi Urusobe rwibinyabuzima rwubatswe hirya no kubuza ibi kuva kera.

Reka turebe amakuru. Nk'uko ubushakashatsi buva mu kigo cy'umutekano w'igihugu gishinzwe gutwara abantu (NTSB), ibyago byo kuzimya umuriro muri an ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi ni munsi cyane ugereranije no mumodoka hamwe na an moteri yo gutwika imbere. Mugihe Umuriro Birashobora kugorana kuzimya, ntibikunze kure cyane.

Ubwoko bw'imodoka	Umuriro ku binyabiziga 100.000 byagurishijwe
Ibinyabiziga	~ 3,475
Ibinyabiziga bya lisansi	~ 1.530
Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi	~ 25

Inkomoko: Amakuru yakusanyirijwe muri NTSB, NHTSA, na Biro imibare yo gutwara abantu.

Aya makuru yerekana ko ubwubatsi inyuma Umutekano w'ikinyabiziga in Evs ni byiza cyane. Buri ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi Kumuhanda ugomba guhura numurongo umwe Ibipimo byumutekano wa federasiyo Nkimodoka ya lisansi, wongeyeho ibipimo byinyongera kuri bo voltage ndende sisitemu. Urufunguzo ninzira yumutekano nyinshi, uhereye kuri chimie ya Ingirabuzimafatizo Kurinda umubiri ipaki ya bateri N'ubutasi bwa software icunga byose.

Nigute abakozi bakemura umutekano wamashanyarazi?

Nkumuntu watanze umusaruro wibibazo bitabarika bateri yakoreshejwe in Evs, Ndashobora kukubwira ko umutekano atari hafi - ni urufatiro rwibikorwa byose. Ibikorwa Bateri Kuri bateri yibizamini byubugome mbere yuko binjizwa mumodoka. Ibi umutekano ukomeye Ibizamini byagenewe kwigana ibintu bibi cyane.

Hano haribigeragezo bike a ipaki ya bateri Ugomba gutsinda:

• Kunyeganyega no gutangaza amakuru: Kwigana ubuzima bwumuhanda udumpy hamwe nu joli itunguranye kugirango tumenye ko guhuza bikomeza kuba umutekano kandi imiterere ikomeje kuba idahwitse.
• Ikizamini cya Crush na Panetration: Ikizamini cyumubiri kugirango urebe uko bigenda iyo i bateri ni Gucumirwa cyangwa byajanjaguwe bikabije kugongana. Intego ni ukubuza a Umuzunguruko mugufi umuriro.
• Ubushyuhe bwo Guhungabana no gusiganwa ku magare: Yihuta agaragaza Uwiteka bateri kugeza ubushyuhe bukabije kandi bukonje kugirango ugerageze kuramba no gukora neza muri sisitemu yubuteganyirize.
• Ikizamini kirenze: Nkana kugerageza gufata ingufu nyinshi muri bateri kuruta uko byagenda kugirango ugenzure ko yubatswe Ibiranga umutekano izayifunga neza.
• Ikizamini kigufi cyumuzunguruko: Kwigana imbere cyangwa hanze Umuzunguruko mugufi kwemeza bateri irashobora gutandukanya amakosa adafite ikibazo cyatsinzwe.

Kunyura kuri ibi bizamini ni ngombwa kugirango ugere kubyemezo nk'ISOMO, abakiriya bakunda gushakisha neza. Utanga isoko azwi azahora muburyo bwo kwipimisha no gutanga ibyangombwa. Uku kwiyemeza kuri Ibisabwa n'amategeko nicyo gitandukanya abakora neza mubisigaye. Intego ni ukureba umutekano w'imodoka z'amashanyarazi mubihe byose biteganijwe.

Sisitemu yo gucunga bateri (BMS) kandi ni ukubera iki ari ngombwa mubwumutekano wa bateri?

Niba ipaki ya bateri ni umutima wa an ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi, i Sisitemu yo Gucunga Bateri (BMS) ni ubwonko bwacyo. Iki gice gihanitse cyamashanyarazi na software nibyiza kimwe cyingenzi kuri umutekano wa bateri. Ni umurinzi ucecetse, uri maso akurikirana no gucunga ibintu byose bya bateri Ubuzima n'ibikorwa 24/7. Nabonye ubwanjye uburyo bm zateguwe neza ni itandukaniro riri hagati yizewe, ndende bateri n'umutekano ushobora guhungabanya umutekano.

Bms ifite imirimo myinshi ikomeye:

1. Gukurikirana: Irahora ikurikirana voltage, ubu, nubushyuhe bwabantu Ingirabuzimafatizo cyangwa module mumapaki. Ibi biratanga cheque yubuzima.
2. Kuringaniza: Iremeza ko byose Ingirabuzimafatizo baregwa kandi barekuwe neza. Ibi birinda selile zingana, zigura bateri Ubuzima kandi bukomeza umutekano.
3. Kurinda: Uru nirwo ruhare rwarwo rwingenzi rwumutekano. Niba BMS itanze ibintu biteye ubwoba-nko kwishyurwa, kurengana, cyangwa ubushobozi Umuzunguruko mugufi-Ni ko ishobora gufata ingamba zihuse. Ibi birashobora gusobanura kugabanya imbaraga zibisohoka, gukora sisitemu yo gukonjesha, cyangwa, mugihe cyihutirwa, guhagarika burundu bateri uhereye ku modoka isigaye.
4. Itumanaho: Bms ivugana bateri leta-yishyurwa (ibyo ubona kuri dashboard yawe) nibibazo byose bishobora kuri mudasobwa nkuru yimodoka. Kuri Gogo, ibyacu Baas (bateri nka serivisi) platifomu Kureka aya makuru, gutanga 24/7 bishingiye ku gicu byabakiriya bacu mubucuruzi.

Nta bms ikomeye, a voltage ndende bateri ya lithium-ion ntibyateganijwe kandi bidafite umutekano. Nimwe mubice bigoye cyane muri an Ev n'ahantu h'ingenzi mu guhanga udushya muri Gucunga Bateri. Mugihe usuzumye utanga isoko, ubaze ibibazo birambuye kubyerekeye ikoranabuhanga rya BMB nuburyo bwiza bwo gupima ubuhanga bwabo.

Ese bateri irashobora gufata umuriro? Reba neza kuri thermal guhunga

Reka dukemure inzovu mucyumba: the umuriro wa bateri. Yego, an ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi bateri irashobora gufata umuriro, ariko ni ngombwa gusobanukirwa ibivugwamo. Iki kintu, kizwi nka Umuhanda wa Thermal, ni gake cyane. Ni urunigi aho gutsindwa muri kimwe bateri selile-akenshi iterwa nimirire, ibyangiritse bikabije, cyangwa imbere Umuzunguruko mugufi-Causes kugirango ushushe utabishaka. Ubu bushyuhe bukabije burashobora gukwirakwira muri selile duturanye, bigatera kunanirwa, biganisha ku birori byiza bya kashe bishobora kuviramo umwotsi n'umuriro.

Ariko, byose umutekano wa bateri Ibinyabuzima byateguwe kugirango birinde ibi. Ni ingamba zishingiye ku burebure. Umurongo wambere wingabo ni ireme rya Ingirabuzimafatizo ubwabo. Iya kabiri ni bms, zigamije kumenya ibimenyetso byambere byatsinzwe akagari (nka spike mubushyuhe) no gufata ingamba zo kurinda. Umurongo wa gatatu wo kwirwanaho ni igishushanyo cyumubiri cya ipaki ya bateri, ikubiyemo ibikoresho byumuriro nubucuruzi bukonjesha bufasha kubamo kunanirwa ahantu hamwe kandi birinda gukwirakwiza.

Umuriro, mugihe gikomeye, ntabwo ari ibintu biturika bikunze kugaragara mubitangazamakuru. Mubisanzwe batangira gahoro, akenshi hamwe numwotsi no guhiga amajwi, gutanga igihe cyo gusohoka mumodoka. Kubafite ubucuruzi, gufata urufunguzo ni uko mugihe ibyago atari zeru, ntibisanzwe kandi bigabanijwe binyuze mubice byinshi byubwubatsi buhanitse. The ingaruka z'umutekano basobanukiwe neza kandi bagabanijwe neza nabakora ibyuma bizwi.

Bigenda bite kuri bateri yimodoka yamashanyarazi mu kugongana?

Ibi ni ikibazo gikomeye kubantu bose batekereza Gutwara EV. Bigenda bite kuri iyo minini ipaki ya bateri mu mpanuka? Abashakashatsi b'imodoka bashyize ibitekerezo byinshi muribi. The bateri y'ibinyabiziga ipaki nimwe mubice birinzwe cyane mumodoka yose.

Mubisanzwe, the bateri irimo gucumbikirwa mu gikomere, gishimangiwe no gushirwa hasi mu modoka, hagati y'imisozi. Aha hantu hatanga inyungu nyinshi zumutekano. Ubwa mbere, biri muri zone yimodoka yakingiwe cyane Impanuka z'imodoka. Icya kabiri, aha hantu hatanga ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi a Hagati ya Gravity, igabanya cyane ibyago byuko impanuka ya rollover kumwanya wambere - pasiporo Ikiranga ubwayo.

Mugihe habaye ikintu gikomeye kugongana cyangwa umuzunguruko mugufi, Yateye imbere Sisitemu z'umutekano bahita bakora. Sensors imenya impanuka kandi ihita ihagarika bateri ndende Duhereye ku mashanyarazi, gukuraho ibyago byo guhungabanya amashanyarazi kubatuye cyangwa Abasubiza mbere. Uru nimwe murufunguzo Ibiranga byinshi byumutekano ufunze munsi sisitemu mugihe cyihutirwa. Igishushanyo cyemeza ko nubwo ipaki ya bateri ubwayo ni ubumuga ukabije kugongana, imiterere yimbere yubatswe kugirango ihangane n'imbaraga udatera kunanirwa imbere. A bateri yangiritse ni kwigunga kugirango wirinde ibindi byago.

Nigute sisitemu-voltage yo hejuru mumakamyo yamashanyarazi yakomeje umutekano?

Amahame yumutekano mu bucuruzi ikamyo y'amashanyarazi ni kimwe no mu modoka itwara abagenzi, ariko bagabanijwe kugirango bakore ibyo basabwa cyane. The Sisitemu-voltage Mu binyabiziga nkabo dutanga bateri ya, harimo na e-trucks na e-rickshaws, bakorera kuri voltage zisumbuye kandi batwara imbaraga nyinshi. Kurugero, ibyacu 73v300ah bateri e-ikamyo yagenewe akazi gakomeye Ibikorwa by'imodoka.

Ingero nyinshi z'ingenzi zemeza umutekano wa sisitemu ikomeye:

• Cabling yo hejuru: Ushobora kuba wabonye ko voltage ndende uwinjizamo Ev cyangwa imvange ni orange nziza. Ibi nibipimo rusange byahise bimenyesha abatekinisiye kandi Abatabazi bihutirwa kugera ku bigize volut-volunga ndende, kureba ko bafata ingamba zikwiye iyo Gukemura amashanyarazi imodoka.
• Kwigunga byuzuye: Uwiteka voltage ndende Sisitemu y'amashanyarazi yiherereye rwose muri chassis yimodoka. Ntushobora kubona ihungabana mugukora ku mubiri wimodoka.
• Gutandukana mu buryo bwikora: Nkuko byavuzwe, Sensor ya Sensor no gukurikirana sisitemu irashobora guhita itandukanya Imbaraga z'amashanyarazi Kuva kuri bateri mu bihe byihutirwa.
• Guhagarika serivisi: Yo kubungabunga, hariho amacomeka ya serivisi yemerera abatekinisiye de-ingufu muri voltage ndende sisitemu mbere yo kuyikorera.

Ibigo nka Akamyo n'abandi bakora cyane bashoye miliyari muri R & D kugirango barebe bateri-amashanyarazi Ibibuga birakomeye kandi bifite umutekano kugirango ukoreshe ubucuruzi. Icyibandwaho ni ugutura, kwizerwa, no kureba niba ibyo binyabiziga byabakozi bihura hejuru Ibipimo by'Umutekano Mw'isi.

Ni ibihe bitabira kwihutirwa bazi ibijyanye no gukemura ikinyabiziga cy'amashanyarazi?

Kuzamuka kwa Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi kumuhanda yatumye habaho ubwihindurize buba mu mahugurwa ya Abasubiza mbere. Amashami yumuriro hamwe na serivisi yubuvuzi byihutirwa noneho bahabwa amahugurwa yihariye yuburyo bwo gucunga ibintu birimo amashanyarazi ibinyabiziga. Nkumukora, dukunze gutanga umusanzu kuri ubu bumenyi.

Yatojwe gusubiza Azi uburyo:

• Menya ibinyabiziga: Barashobora kumenya vuba imodoka nka an Ev, hybrid, cyangwa gucomeka imodoka ya hybrid Nkoresheje ibibi, kubura umuyoboro uhumeka, cyangwa icyambu kigaragara.
• Hagarika Sisitemu: Bahuguwe uburyo bwo kumenya no kugabanya imyaka 12 bateri umurongo cyangwa ukoreshe serivisi yihutirwa zirahagarara. Ubu ni uburyo busanzwe bwo guhagarika voltage ndende sisitemu nyuma yimpanuka.
• Kwegera umuriro amahoro: A gusubiza azi ko an Umuriro wa bateri bisaba ubundi buryo kuruta umuriro wa lisansi. Ingamba nyamukuru nugukoresha amazi menshi kugirango akonje bateri hanyuma uhagarike Umuhanda wa Thermal Urunigi.
• Koresha imodoka yangiritse: Bumva ingaruka zishobora kubaho bateri yangiritse Ndetse na nyuma yikintu cyambere kirangiye nuburyo bwo gukora neza no kubika imodoka yangiritse.

Kubaho kw'ibi byanganiza birambuye kuri Abatabazi bihutirwa bigomba kuba isoko yicyizere. Byerekana ko urusobe rwibinyabuzima rwose, uhereye gukora kugeza ku mpanuka nyuma yimpanuka, byateye imbere. Umutekano wa rubanda na gusubiza Umuganda nicyo kintu cyambere.

Nibihe bisabwa byingenzi byumutekano kuri bateri yateye imbere muri iki gihe?

Isi ya Ikoranabuhanga rya Bateri Ahora mutera imbere, kandi niko Ibisabwa n'amategeko. Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuba-buhanzi hashize imyaka itanu. Kubucuruzi ubwo aribwo bwose bushora mumato yamashanyarazi, haba kubikoresho cyangwa gutanga ibiryo, gusobanukirwa nibi bipimo bigezweho ni ngombwa kugirango umuntu yiringirire igihe kirekire.

Uyu munsi bateri yateye imbere ni ifite umutekano sisitemu irenze kure fuse yibanze. Turimo kubona kwibanda cyane kubintu nka:

• Ingirabuzimafatizo-urwego: Turatsimbarara gukoresha selile-urwego rwibicuruzwa mubicuruzwa byacu, nkatwe 73.4v 58ah swter bateri, zagenewe ubuzima burebire (kugeza ku nzenguzimeki 6.000) kandi zifite uburwayi bwo hejuru kubibazo byo gukoresha buri munsi ugereranije na selile zihendutse.
• Chimie yambere Inganda zigenda zigana kuri chediste zihamye nka lithium forphate (lfp), zifite umutekano mwinshi kandi zidakunze Umuhanda wa Thermal Kurenza ibisa bya kera bya ambaene manganese (NMC), nubwo byombi bifite umutekano mugihe ucungwa neza.
• IP67 Urutonde: Iri ni icyemezo cyingenzi cyo gushakisha. Bivuze bateri Case ifata ivumbi rwose kandi irashobora kuzunguruka mu mikino y'amazi iminota 30 utasize. Ibi nibyingenzi kubinyabiziga bikora mubihe byose.
• Isesengura ryahanuwe: Ibibuga bya BMS bigezweho ntabwo bigira icyo bitwara gusa kubibazo; barabihanura. Mugusesengura amakuru yimigendekere, urubuga rwa Baas rushobora kwerekana a bateri yo kubungabunga mbere yikibazo gikomeye burigihe kibaho. Ubu buryo bworoshye ni umukino-uhindura imicungire yinyuma kandi Ibibazo by'umutekano.

Ibi Ibisabwa n'amategeko bivuze ko ashya Evs kandi bateri sisitemu ni nziza kuruta mbere hose. Guhitamo utanga isoko biri ku isonga ryibi ikoranabuhanga nishoramari ritaziguye mu mutekano no gukora neza ibikorwa byawe.

Nigute ushobora, nka nyirubwite, garanti ireme rya bateri kumato yawe?

Mark, iki nikibazo cyingenzi kuri wewe hamwe numukozi ushinzwe isoko. Hamwe nubunararibonye bwawe bwo gushakisha ibikoresho kwisi yose, uzi ko abatanga isoko bose baremwe bangana. Wahuye nibibazo hamwe nitumanaho, gutinda kohereza, na perezida. Iyo bigeze kubintu bigoye nka an bateri y'ibinyabiziga, imitini irarenze.

Dore inama zanjye, zishingiye kumyaka icumi yo kuba kuruhande rwakozwe:

1. Genda urenze icyemezo: Icyemezo ni ngombwa, ariko ni impapuro. Saba raporo zuzuye. Utanga ibisobanuro nta mucyo ntakibazo afite cyo gusangira amakuru yerekana ibicuruzwa byabo byujuje ubuziranenge nka ISO 9001 na ITF 16949. Gucukura inzira zabo zo kugenzura.
2. Suzuma Itumanaho: Ububabare bwawe hamwe nitumanaho ridakora ni ibendera rikomeye ritukura. Mugihe cyambere, witondere uburyo itsinda ryabatanga risubiza. Bazi ubumenyi? Basobanukiwe n'ibikenewe bya tekiniki n'ubucuruzi? Barashobora gusobanura ibyabo umutekano wa bateri Ibiranga muburyo burumvikana kubuhanga butari tekiniki?
3. Muganire kuri Logistics Upfront: Gutinda kohereza birashobora kwica igihe ntarengwa cyumushinga. Utanga isoko akuze azagira ibikoresho bikomeye hamwe nishami rishinzwe gutanga. Twebwe, nk'urugero, dufite uburambe bwohereza muri Amerika mu mahanga, Indoneziya, Espanye, na Vietnam kandi twumve ibintu bigoye bya gasutamo, kohereza, no gukora bateri ndende, akenshi bishyirwa mubicuruzwa biteje akaga.
4. Shakisha igisubizo kimwe: Ubucuruzi bwawe buragoye. Gukorana numutanga ninde ushobora gutanga urusobe rwibinyabuzima bwose - kuva kuri bateri zikoreshwa kandi Evs Kuri Bateri Yangiza Cabinets Kandi uburyo bwo kuyobora - byorohereza inzira yawe yo gutanga amasoko kandi biremeza ibice byose byateguwe kugirango dukore neza. Nka a Guhagarika Bateri imwe Guhindura Ibisubizo, iyi niyo ngingo yubucuruzi bwacu bwubucuruzi.

Ubwanyuma, uhitamo umukunzi werekeye kwizerana no gukorera mu mucyo. Ukeneye uwatanze uwatanze Byakozwe hamwe numutekano mubitekerezo Kuva mu ntangiriro. Mubaza ibibazo bikwiye no gusaba ibimenyetso byerekana ubuziranenge, urashobora kubaka wizeye neza, amato yizewe, kandi meza.

Urufunguzo rwibanze rwo kwibuka

• Evs ifite umutekano mu buryo buboneye: Amakuru yerekana ko Ibinyabiziga by'amashanyarazi Kugira ibyago byinshi byumuriro ugereranije nibinyabiziga bya lisansi, urakoze kubice byinshi bya moteri Ibiranga umutekano.
• Umutekano ni menshi: Umutekano w'ikinyabiziga ntabwo biterwa nikintu kimwe. Ni ihuriro ryimbaraga bateri chimie selile, irinzwe kumubiri ipaki ya bateri, hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga amande yubwenge (BMS).
• Bms nibwo bwonko: Bms nigice gikomeye cyumutekano unenga, uhora ukurikirana bateri Ubuzima bwo kwirinda ibihe bibi nko kwishyurwa cyangwa kurengana.
• Umutekano wo kugongana nibyingenzi: Evs byateguwe kurinda Uwiteka bateri mu mpanuka no guhita uhagarika voltage ndende sisitemu kugirango umutekano wumutekano uyirimo kandi Abasubiza mbere.
• Utanga ubuziranenge nicyiza: Umutekano no kwizerwa byamato yawe yamashanyarazi yerekeranye nubwiza bwuwatanze. Buri gihe vet inzira zabo zo kwipimisha, ibyemezo, nibikorwa byo gutumanaho.